Personal Values And Moral Values Essay - 874 Words

Without moral values, how would we live our lives by a standard? Moral values help you choose between right and wrong. It is what you use to determine your personality and characteristics. You use them to judge a person on what is right and wrong. Moral values help you live your life making the correct decisions. They are very important in your everyday life. If you use them, people will look at you as a person with good ethics. If you have moral values in every aspect of your life, some people will look up to you. When you have moral values, people have a harder time judging you for the things you have done. I use to not have a lot of great moral values. Once I became a Christian, my life turn around. I changed most of my bad habits. I started to feel like a better person when I became and Christian and developed good ethics. I couldn’t determine right and wrong without moral values. (Thesis) I remember a time when I found my faith and discovered what moral values were. Furthermore, I became a better person when I found my faith in God. Faith is a strong believe in something or someone that is indestructible. It is when you rely on something or someone knowing that it cannot fail. Having faith means you do not have to worry because you know that it will be taken care of. It is very important to have faith. Without faith, you would suffer and not be able to receive any help. You would have to do everything on your own. You would have nothing to believe in andShow MoreRelatedPersonal Values And Moral Values998 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Values and Moral Integrity Values and morals are incredibly important concepts that shape the way that people live. Personally, I believe that values are a system of absolutes that an individual strives to measure up to. Whereas, morals are standards that one has that they consider to be acceptable. As a Christian morals and values are very important to me because I do my best to live up to the standards that are shown throughout. Jesus was not only sent so that we may have eternal lifeRead MorePersonal Morals, Ethics, And Values868 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Morals, Ethics, and Values My own set of moral beliefs have been established over the years through the interactions I have had with family members, friends, and institutions such as schools, church, and work. I grew up in a very large family. My Mom was one of nineteen children, I am the oldest of six. There are at least 100 close family members between aunts, uncles, cousins, second-cousins who all grew up with in the same small coal-mining town of Plymouth, Pa. My set of moral valuesRead MorePersonal Statement On Values And Morals927 Words   |  4 PagesValues and morals are an integral part of life; values define who we are on a personal and professional level. My personal and professional values are similar but are used differently on a personal and professional level. In this code of ethics I have identified my core values as respect, honesty, loyalty, integrity, professionalism, and responsibility. Developing a code of ethics has provided me with an opportunity to reflect on my values and evalu ate how I turn those values into action. PersonalRead MoreMoral Compass And Personal Values1760 Words   |  8 PagesMoral Compass Essay Moral compass decides personal values and directs conscience toward understanding and practice of the Good and the Right. It is the thing that is embedded in us, directing us to make decisions that involve right and wrong (Thompson, 2017).    Personal Integrity The dictionary defines social conscience as â€Å"an attitude of sensitivity toward and sense of responsibility regarding injustice and problems in society†. And according to Killinger (2010), â€Å"integrity isRead MorePersonal Values Of Morals, And Legal Issues Of Bullying1203 Words   |  5 Pagescontent. Give them something useful, and eventually a group will use it for harm. In Jess Zimmerman’s Twitter argument, she contends that twitter take some caution to monitor the hate speech it allows to be published. This article deals with personal values of morals, and legal issues of bullying being tolerated. Society must choose it’s battles to fight, and if not through Twitter, people will always find a way to persecute others. Twitter police are not going to end the evil’s of society, nor wouldRead MorePersonal Code Of Ethics And System Of Moral Values1063 Words   |  5 Pagesshowing him how it is to be a leader. Integrity is expected of all h ealth professionals in the work place. A leader demonstrates integrity by being consistently truthful, honest, and reliable. A nurse leader adheres to both a personal code of ethics and system of moral values. A leader has a positive attitude that helps to motivate others to join in the purpose. Leaders have initiative and take the first step to make it happen. Leaders have lots of energy and enthusiasm which enables them to get thingsRead MoreProfessional Responsibility Of Coaches And Athletic Personnel792 Words   |  4 PagesCoaches and athletic personnel are examples of ethical behavior in their personal and professional lives. They must have a clear perspective for their role and responsibility toward the organization, the team, and the athlete. Therefore, it is important to give consideration to the relationship between personal and professional responsibility; and also to whether there are limitations to loyalty to the organization or team. Personal and Professional Responsibility Many argue that what one believesRead MoreThe Importance Of Ethics And How Ethics Produce Effective Leaders1240 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper analyzes the importance of personal ethics in leadership and how ethics produce effective leaders. The importance of understanding ethics, motivation to act as a role model and developing a plan of action for an organization are discussed because of their importance regarding development of good leadership. These key aspects suggest personal ethics positively affect leadership and when made a priority for leaders will produce ethical and effective leadership. With so many definitions ofRead MorePersonal Ethics974 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal ethics What personal, cultural, and spiritual values contribute to your worldview and philosophy of nursing? How do these values shape or influence your nursing practice? Ethics and values form the basis of nursing. Nurses provide nursing care by preventing illness, reducing suffering and promoting restoration of health in individuals, families, societies and communities. Nursing involves technical skills and abilities, duty and service to others with compassion and efficient decision-makingRead MoreA Review Of Moral Competence Leadership1683 Words   |  7 PagesA REVIEW OF MORAL COMPETENCE LEADERSHIP Introduction: Moral competence does not have a unique definition. However, in simple words moral competence is an ability that judges the thing is correct or wrong. Mental capacity, universal human principles golden rule, altruism and measured against are connected to moral competence. In following part, definitions and relatedness will be mentioned. 1. Mental capacity: Mental capacity refers to decisions made by patients, which have a moral and legal status

Christopher Columbus Vs Native America Essay - 1226 Words

When Worlds Collide From the dawn of mankind to present day, the human race has been a rapidly evolving society. Having begun by developing thousands of languages, then advancing to constructing the tallest artificial structures to exist in present day, humans have obtained countless achievements for not being around for very long compared to other species. Christopher Columbus, unknowingly, discovered a whole new world and started the exploration of the Americas for everyone to come in the future. He opened the gate for the exploration of the Spanish, French, and English in the New World. These three groups of people, while all from different places and of varying mindsets, all colonized in the Americas and had contrasting interactions†¦show more content†¦Within a generation of Columbus’ death, Spain had taken control of most of the New World. They thrived on ideas of power and conquered the Inca. The explorers moved further west and found the Aztecs, who had a popu lation of two hundred thousand people. The Spanish conquered them in two years. They did not always treat the natives with so much disrespect, though. The Columbian exchange allowed for new materials, foods, and more to be brought to and from these worlds. Cattle, pigs, goats, and more were brought to the Americas from the Old World. Various plants that had been accidentally imported from Europe caused a lot of damage to the ecosystem in the Americas. The Americas introduced to Europe things such as corn, potatoes, yams, and much more. Spanish explorers eventually continued to move west in search of their precious gold, and still kept with their idea of killing any natives that stand in their way, until they reached New Mexico, where the Spaniards decided to live with the Native Americans in peace. The Spanish colonists were often a selfish group of people who took what they wanted from natives and tried to force them to convert away from their own religious beliefs, then killed the m off. Finally, the settlers decided to live with them peacefully after killing hundreds of thousands of natives over theShow MoreRelatedThomas King: Not Just a Reaction to Colonialism1459 Words   |  6 PagesA Coyote Columbus Story shows the Native point of view of the beginning of colonialism. When introducing Christopher Columbus into the short story, Coyote says [t]hat is the one who found Indians (King Coyote 123). In many of Kings stories, he writes narration without quotations, but this particular short story doesnt contain a single quotation. The style in which it is written is not similar to many other post-colonial texts. Rather than depicting historical facts directly and accuratelyRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Dystopian Classic, 19841878 Words   |  8 Pagesin first world countries such as ours, but counter-ideologies are suppressed when inconvenient for those in control of the present. Zinn illustrates this oppression in his piece about the native and the colonialist pe rspective of Columbus’ story. The colonialist of today continue to provide Christopher Columbus with delusions of self-grandeur, and conveniently exclude the Native’s side of the story. However this is not the only case of using history as a tool of self-validation as McNeill suggestsRead MoreU.S. history Apex 7.1.3 Final Exam2072 Words   |  9 Pages(2010) (S1400659)    Date: ____________ Course Big Question: How did people from America, Europe, and Africa come together, and what sort of nation did they build? Section 1: Short Answer (60 points) In this section, you will show your knowledge of the content by constructing a three-paragraph essay. Remember to use examples from this unit, be specific, and follow proper paragraph- and essay-writing conventions. A. Explain how Texas became an American state. (1 point each, 6 pointsRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 Pageswhole Atlantic basin Bloody conflicts between Native Americans (or American Indians) and European explorers and settlers who had both religious and territorial aspirations - Native American oral literature / oral tradition - European explorers’ letters, diaries, reports, etc., such as Christopher Columbus’s letters about his voyage to the â€Å"New world†. - Anglo (New England) settlers’ books, sermons, journals, narratives, and poetry Native American / American Indian oral literature / oralRead MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 Pagesto Use as SAT Essay Evidence An exclusive special report from eSATPrepTips.com By Christian Heath P age |2 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 4 Adventurers and Explorers: Amelia Earhart (Female Aviation Pioneer) ................................................................................................ 5 Christopher Columbus (â€Å"Discoverer†Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesTiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages.............................................................................. 299 CHAPTER 10 Deductive Reasoning .......................................................................................... 312 x Implying with Certainty vs. with Probability ................................................................................ 312 Distinguishing Deduction from Induction ..................................................................................... 319 Review of MajorRead MoreMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 Pageson Exchanges continued on back inside cover E -commerce business. technology. society. T e n T H e d i t i o n Kenneth C. Laudon Carol Guercio Traver New York University Azimuth Interactive, Inc. Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sà £o Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editor In Chief: Stephanie Wall ExecutiveRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 PagesACQUISITIONS, AND DOWNSIZING In many industries today, organizations are merging with or acquiring other firms. One prime illustration is the banking and financial services industry, in which combinations of banks have resulted in changes at Bank of America, Wells Fargo, Nations Bank, First Union, and others large and small. The merger of Chrysler and Chapter 1 Changing Nature of Human Resource Management 17 Daimler-Benz has had significant implications for the automobile industry. Many otherRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:

My Priorities Free Essays

Daniela Resendez Carolyn S. Smith English-1301-52 10/02/2012 My Priorities Women and men have different sets of priorities. Because men have always cared more about materialistic objects, their priorities are different from those of women. We will write a custom essay sample on My Priorities or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most women are more sentimental; therefore, their priorities are humanistic. Since I am a woman, my priorities are humanistic. My three main priorities in life are my family, God and my friends. My first priority is my family. I cannot imagine a person that has something or someone else as a first priority; basically, my family is the most important thing in my life. The love of the family is unconditional. I always feel support with them, and I know I will never feel homeless with them by my side. After all, they are the people with whom an individual will share the great moments of life. My second priority is God. I know that many people do not consider him a priority, maybe because they do not believe in something bigger than them. But, my belief is different, I am never going to be alone and I am always going to feel hope. Belief in God is not only by words, but by actions. An action that proves individual belief is going to church. I used to go to church since I was a child. It was there that I learned about the good and bad things in the world. Finally, My friends are my third priority. Like family, is impossible not to have our friends in our priorities. Because with them there is always that loyalty that unites us, we are always going to find a family in them. We can talk with our friends the way we talk with our mother or sister, and sometimes we can have more trust in them. We share funny moments, with our friends, which are very important in our lives. Because those moments are unforgettable, friends are a priority. We party with them the way we cannot with our family, thus we share the most important secrets. In conclusion, my priorities have always given me stability, hopefulness and happiness. My family, God and my friends are my three main priorities and that is how I have managed to accomplish my goals. How to cite My Priorities, Essay examples

Cloning In America Today Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Cloning In America Today Essay, Research Paper During the past few centuries, engineering has reached a new degree. With discoveries from the innovation of electricity to the development of the Internet, these progresss have made a immense impact on society. Every twenty-four hours brings the inquiry of what will come following, and what engineerings will farther heighten the universe. Science fiction novels and films are basically based on the admiration of future engineerings. One of the biggest issues in the development of engineering is cloning. The word ringer is used in many different contexts in biological research but in its most simple and rigorous sense, it refers to a precise familial transcript of a molecule, cell, works, animate being, or human being.1 Human cloning has been a mostly controversial focal point in the country of cloning, chiefly, the moralss of cloning. Peoples have differed sentiments about the moralss of cloning. Some people think that cloning is non morally right, cloning is eroding of regard for ge nder, and it is against the will of God, fearing what is new and different. Other people think that cloning is good to kids, helping to infertile twosomes, medically sufficient, and bettering to humanity. Public jurisprudence and policy besides comes into drama in the moralss of cloning. Human Cloning does take topographic point of course to some extent. This is shown when indistinguishable twins are conceived. However, the likeliness of this happening is limited by opportunity. Even when indistinguishable twins are conceived, they originate from one individual fertilized ovum that is split during the early phase of gestation. Antosh 2 Scientists are able to clone DNA, which is the familial make-up of a human being. These Deoxyribonucleic acid fragments are enlarged in a host cell. This procedure makes many scientific experiments possible. This procedure, frequently called molecular cloning, is the pillar of recombinant DNA engineering and has led to the production of such of import medical specialties as insulin to handle diabetes, tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) to fade out coagulums after a bosom onslaught, and erythropoietin ( EPO ) to handle anaemia associated with dialysis for kidney disease.2 Another type of cloning is called Incellular cloning. Incellular cloning transcripts are made of cells derived from the haoma, or organic structure, by turning these cells in civilization in a laboratory.3 The cloned cells that are made are indistinguishable to the original cell. This method is besides used for creative activity of medical specialties that molecular cloning creates. Since these methods do non affec t source cells, they are non good in bring forthing a babe. The aims of blastomere separation and atomic organ transplant cloning, nevertheless, are to reproduce genetically indistinguishable animate beings. In blastomere separation, the developing embryo is disconnected really shortly after fertilisation when it is composed of two to eight cells.4 These single cells are called blastomeres. The blastomeres are now able to bring forth new separate beings. The blastomere? s ability to bring forth new beings makes it possible for scientists to divide carnal embryos into many cells that make genetically indistinguishable beings. This is good to engendering farm animal. During the 1980s, cloning animate beings reached a new degree called atomic organ transplant cloning. In atomic organ transplant cloning, the karyon is removed from an egg an vitamin D replaced with the Antosh 3 diploid karyon of a bodily cell.5 This type of cloning differs from sexual reproduction because in sexual reproduction, the egg and sperm combine. In atomic organ transplant cloning, a new being is created by a individual parent. The scientific progresss in cloning raise the issue of moralss. The chief concern people have is how far scientific discipline will travel in the development of cloning. Many people believe that if scientific discipline were to clone worlds, many things should come into consideration. There are many positive and negative facets of cloning. One positive facet of human cloning is the duplicate of people that have important value to society, like those who have great endowment, or mastermind. This can be good because people like Einstein, Beethoven, or Franklin who contributed to society may hold cognition that can be utile in the present or in the hereafter. Much of the entreaty of this ground, like much support and resistance to human cloning, rests mostly on a baffled and false premise of familial determinism, that is, that one? s cistrons to the full determine what one will go, make, and accomplish.6 Cloning these human existences can non renew the environment they grew up in or their life? s experiences, so the lone manner this would be good is if nature was the chief influence of intelligence alternatively of raising. Another positive facet of human cloning is that it can enable a individual to animate person with important significance, like a kid that has died. This can merely be good Antosh 4 to a limited extent, because likewise to cloning person such as Einstein, merely the cistrons are recreated, non the original individual? s personality or life experiences. Cloning the lost kid might assist the parents accept and move on from their loss, but another already bing sibling or a new kid that was non a ringer might make this every bit good ; so, it might make so better since the visual aspect of the cloned subsequently duplicate would be a changeless reminder of the kid they had lost.7 In contrast, if cloning a lost kid would be the lone manner for parents to get by, so the option should be available to them. Cloning to do an indistinguishable being would enable a individual to hold variety meats available that may be needed for graft. Having a ringer would be a benefit to the hazards that one may hold when in demand for an organ. This includes the hazard of rejection of the organ, the hazard of non being able to happen an appropriate blood giver, and the hazard of non being able to happen an organ for the graft. This advantage of cloning is besides limited, because if a ringer were to hold a critical organ removed from its organic structure, it would be go againsting the ringer? s rights. Besides, the ringer would non be able to last without critical variety meats. With all of these positive facets in consideration, being limited in their advantages, there are besides many negative facets to human cloning. One of the most of import things to see is the psychological affects the ringer will most likely experience. The ringer will non hold the experiences of turning up like the original human being. The ringer? s life would get down from the twenty-four hours it was cloned, non from babyhood or from the female parent? s uterus like the original human being.

Elvis Aron Presley Essays - Elvis Presley, Graceland, Memphis Mafia

Elvis Aron Presley At the time, no one realized that The world of music and entertainment would forever change. It was noon, on January 8, 1935, when Gladys Smith Presley, a poor Mississippi God-fearing sewing machine operator and wife of farm hand Vernon Elvis Presley, gave birth to twin sons Elvis Aron and Jesse Garon Presley. Buried in an unmarked Priceville, Mississippi grave, Jesse Garon died within six hours of birth. Jesse's twin, Elvis Aron, was to become the most influential force in the history of popular music and a melding force between cultures. As the world's most endearing and successful entertainer of his age, Elvis sold over three hundred million records, and created thirty-three films. Today, Elvis is known world wide as The King of Rock n' Roll.? The dirt-poor with his polite and well-mannered ways, patterned his famous ?wiggle? and early singing style form the gospel revival preachers he grew up with at the family's First Assembly of God Church. ?We were broke, man, broke, and we left Tupelo overnight,? Elvis said, a quote which typifies his early life, following his parents from job to job. In 1939 the total combined Presley salary was $35 a week, when young Elvis was enrolled in L.C. Humes High School in Memphis, Tennessee. After graduation from Humes High School in 1953, while driving a truck for an electric company, Elvis passed a sign that would lead him to fame. The sign read, ?Memphis Recording Service-Make your own records...Four dollars for two songs.? This is where Sam Phillips of Sun Records found his man. In August 1954, WHBQ radio in Memphis released the birth of a Rock n' Roll legend with, ?That's All Right, Mama.? After an unsuccessful Grand Ol' Opry stint, 1955 brought ?Good Rockin' Tonite? and ?Milk Cow Blues Boogie.? The flamboyant personal manager/promoter, Colonel Tom Parker, who was managing the big talents of the day like Eddie Arnold and Hank Snow, started quietly helping Elvis with bookings. My July 1955, ?Baby, Let's Play House? hit the national best seller charts. In 1957, Elvis moved from his suburban East Memphis home on Audubon Drive, to his new home, Graceland. March 1960 brought Elvis home from the war as a civilian. Huge crowds followed him home to Graceland. The Colonel worked hard to gain Elvis' favor back, and by mid 1960, five thousand fan clubs were generating 30,000 fan letters a month. Elvis was forced into seclusion, as any public appearance would cause a riot. An entourage of Memphis men soon referred to as the ?Memphis Mafia? escorted him everywhere. Endless work and strange eating habits followed. Too much peanut butter and banana sandwiches, burnt bacon, olives and vegetable soup pushed his weight up dramatically. On October 19, 1973, Elvis and Priscilla separated after five years of marriage. Elvis sited the tremendous strain of six months on the road. Priscilla was awarded custody of their only child, Lisa Marie. Nights were filled with Gospel signing, and days were spent sleeping, as Elvis entered into his forties. Extreme dieting and exhaustion landed him in the hospital, and Vegas gigs became predictable while fanatical fandom worshipped him overseas. In 1975 Elvis bought a jet airliner and named in after his daughter, ?The Lisa Marie?. His meteoric rise to fame, and the following legions of idolizing fans, is truly a phenomenon beyond this world's experience. We can only marvel at his achievements, and live along side his mystic legend and following. Elvis and his fans were symbiotic, each depending, sharing, and supporting the other. On August 16, 1977, a shocked world would learn of his death. Rushed to Baptist Memorial Hospital in Memphis, from Graceland, Elvis was pronounced dead on arrival of cardiac arrhythmia--erratic heart beat. Thousands gathered at his home in Graceland to mourn and weep in disbelief. Thousands more still made the pilgrimage to the Graceland grave each year for the ritual August Candlelight Vigil. The King lives on today in our memories, his family, his films, his recordings, and in our hearts. It is rare in this world, that such an impression is made on the people in one's own time.

A male-centered society Essays

A male-centered society Essays A male-centered society Essay A male-centered society Essay On the other hand, Steinbeck presents Curley’s wife as sexual temptation and trouble-maker. She is a beautiful woman who constantly shows off her beauty to the men on the ranch. She dresses inappropriately/inadequately for a woman living on the farm and being married the boss’ son. When she is seen for the first time in the bunk house, she has â€Å"full, rouged lips †¦. heavily made up. Her finger nails are red† and she wears â€Å"red †¦ feathers† on her â€Å"red mules†. (page 34) By presenting her wearing a lot of red, the writer suggests that she symbolizes danger and love. Being the boss’ son’s wife, men on the ranch see her rather as a dangerous temptation that as a beautiful woman. She cannot provide any sex because she is Curley’s wife and the only thing she can cause is trouble. Curley’s wife begins to be presented in a sympathetic way as the story progresses. Finally, Steinbeck offers a sympathetic view of Curley’s wife in chapter 5 by allowing her to voice her unhappiness and her own dream for a better life. She dies shortly after her confession in the barn reinforcing the men’s vision that there is no place for a woman on the farm. â€Å"Ranch with a bunch of guys on it ain’t no place for a girl, especially like her! † (page 58) Men’s lifestyle at the time meant they were always travelling and never settle down and get married. In the men’s vision this is a world structured around them and brothels. Opposite to Curley’s wife, George’s girl represents the devoted and loving wife or girlfiend, the woman who every man dreams to have as a wife. It seems like the writer wants to suggest that there were also good women in the 1930s society even if they were a minority. George talks with tenderness (gentelness) and regret about having a â€Å"girl† when he talks about letting Lennie away, settle down and have a stable life. Aunt Clara is introduced by George as a caretaker character. She is not Lennie’s mother, but she is blood relative and has taken Lennie to look after him when his mother died. She is presented as a â€Å"little old fat woman† (page 113) but when she is talked about it is in a respectful tone. She symbolises the loving and protective mother, the writer’s vision of wholesome femininity. Moreover, she is an authoritative figure. We can see that in the last pages of the novel when she appears in Lennie’s dream before his dead. â€Å"I tol’ you an’ tol’ you†, she says telling Lennie off because he did another â€Å"bad thing†. In the contrary, Curley’s wife’s mother is introduced by Curley’s wife as the controlling woman, the â€Å"ol’ lady† who â€Å"stole† (page 100) her letter from a guy who promised her that will â€Å"put [her] in the movies† (page 99). Curley’s wife’s mother symbolizes the possessive mother who wants her daughter to comply with the rules of early 20th century of being a wife and being submissive to the husband she was belonging to. She is, also, a protective mother who worried she was â€Å"on’y fifteen† and too young to have an independent life.

Personal Environmental History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Environmental History - Essay Example As I moved into my early teenage years, despite becoming further educated about the nature of pollution and environmental degradation, I became complacent in my relation to the earth such that it became even more estranged to my existence. During this period my friends and I would regularly litter and act with little disregard for nature. These actions were perhaps youthful arrogance personified. It was a general understanding of life and nature that it was plentiful and without end. As I matured I began to have and look back on the experiences I had with nature. As a child growing up my family and I would often go on camping trips where we would venture in the woods, set up a campsite, and enjoy the natural surroundings. I remember venturing down to the lake with my brother and attaching crickets to our fishing line and bringing in fish. As I grew older I remember visiting the Appalachian Trail and spending an entire weekend hiking a significant segment, and camping in the woods. I appreciated the meditative aspects that nature provided. The means of nature as a retreat from the development of the industrialized world and all its social problems, and nature’s ability to provide this respite. I read books such as Thoreau’s Walden and began to appreciate nature not as a stranger, but as a close friend.

Biological differences between different populations. What kinds of Essay

Biological differences between different populations. What kinds of biological differences exist between contemporary humans - Essay Example Following a discussion about origins of biological differences, an account of the various differences observed among different populations is given. The work concludes by highlighting the importance of further research that is required to explore the mechanisms of biological differences further. Key words: differences, populations, biological Introduction If we take a closer look at the anatomical, psychological, behavioral and other aspects of the lives of people around the globe, it becomes clear that there are quite obvious differences that exist among populations. The blacks are well known for their stronger physique while the Asians are considered to have a comparatively higher IQ than other populations in general. Similarly, there are a number of diseases which are more prevalent among certain populations and totally non-existent in others. In terms of social behavior, people from certain populations are known for the aggressiveness while other are noted for being cool minded. These visibly apparent differences raise a number of questions regarding their true origins. Although, a simple approach would be to look for the causes in the political, social and religious spheres of life; yet a truly scientific approach would not miss the option of looking into the biological basis of such manifestations. Such queries may be directed towards delineating macroscopic differences in some cases; while in others the orientation of this quest should be towards exploring the microscopic explanations. Whether microscopic or macroscopic, the biological basis provides a rather novel explanation of the differences observed among various populations of the world as we shall see in the following lines. Discussion The origin of biological differences Human beings as a species have a history which is very rich in events of migration. Whether this migration was for the purpose of survival or for improvement of life standards, the ultimate result was a better adaptation of this species to the various environmental conditions of the planet. Exposure to new lands not only opened doors of opportunity to the migrated, but also provided them a means of intermingling with other population groups, thereby ensuring mating. Although various social and cultural hindrances limited such reproductive encounters; yet the biological aspect has always been favorable for them. In recent times, the promotion of concepts like 'globalization' and 'global village' have removed the remaining barriers to an extent where intermingling of genetic pools of different populations have become easier (Hagen). The basis of biological variation is genetic variation that not only exists among different species but is also observable within species. The basic code that determines the genotype and ultimately the phenotype of an organism is present in the cells of organisms in the form of DNA. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) possesses specialized sequences of genetic information which are te rmed genes; the genes code for specialized proteins which are formed within cells and later perform dedicated functions. The transmission of genetic information from a generation to the next is by means of a specialized method of cell reproduction that is termed meiosis. Crossing-over that occurs between chromosomes during meiotic process ensures shuffling of genetic material; the shuffled genetic code is presented for genetic coding purposes to the next generation. Other methods of alteration in genetic code may include processes like mutations due to radiation or mediation etc. It is obvious from this discussion that transmission of genetic information is a random process, and the genetic pool of a given population is vibrant enough to bring about detectable

Human rights law All Human rights are universal, indivisible and Essay

Human rights law All Human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and interrelated. the international community m - Essay Example The United Nations through its charter on human rights seeks to protect the laws that guards and binds the protection and freedom of every human with dignity and individual respect for all, being the hallmark of such laws. We are individuals who live and operate by certain national or international legal order, whether we are Americans, Nigerians, Chinese or British, we possess, to varying degrees which depends on the State within which we exist, rights. These rights, such as the right to existence, and the freedom of speech, right to marriage, freedom from arbitrary detention or the right to free expression oneself, are almost always incorporated into the national Constitutions and legislative Acts of nations. The to which these rights are respected and the preferences of certain these rights over others, largely depends on the nature of the national legal system within which we evolve and develop and operate, thus, regardless of the fact that we live in a democratic, a monarchical or on the other extreme; a repressive and authoritarian State, human rights should always be respected. But many events over the past decades of human existence, has proved that such rights that ought to be respected in most cases, are not. Certain individuals or group of individuals have had their freedom trampled upon by stronger forces within the nucleus of the same or an external society. Many laws meant to discriminate against certain people from certain regional or ethnic locations have being propounded and executed by ruthless states as a means of silencing oppositions. For instance the Grand Holocaust in Germany, carried out by the ruthless Nazi, under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, the Rwandan Genocide of 1994, the Iraqi Genocides against the Kurds, the genocide in Bosnia Herzegovina and the Cambodian Genocides, are all acts that openly violated human rights of individuals and peoples of a particular nationality/ethnicity. Other inhuman actions like the imprisonment of Nel son Mandela of South Africa, the Apartheid, Slavery in Africa, the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, the exploitation of sovereign states by the USA and its Western allied, the house arrest of ASSK of Burma etc. are all examples that portray how nations and peoples (stronger elements in society) can trample upon the human rights of weaker elements in society. Some of this atrocities and infringement on the rights of others were carried out internally within a state, while others were carried out by external states or individuals against the people of another society. The big question here is what can individuals do if their rights provided under their national laws are not respected, or if national laws do not safeguard their fundamental human rights at all. Is there an international forum where individuals can turn to and file a complaint against that State? Or against another state? Depending upon the situation at hand? Beginning from the year 1945, the United Nations became active in f ormulating and implementing policies that will ensure the protection of human rights of every human being all over the world. They have set up many instruments for protecting Human Rights after 1945. Article 1 of 1948 UN Charter states that2 â€Å"

Ethical issues in Monsters Inc.

Ethical issues in Monsters Inc. The movie Monsters Inc. tells us about the minor world that includes humans are living their life without any little knowledge about the other side of the world. This is the world where even a single child knows the exit and then the place is incorporates real monsters in the closet. The world of monsters is quite different from the human world. The first difference is related to the scary monsters have made the land dense with its population. Therefore, electricity which is generated through geothermal, solar, or fossil fuels etc. was produced by exploiting the power of children’s screams. The monster world is facing a severe energy crisis due to the fact that children are getting less sensitive to the scare tactics of monsters due to the productions demonstrated in games, video games, and television. Business Portrayal of Monster, Inc. The business world at Monsters Inc. is depicted basically in a positive light. The adversary in the film was not stretched out to incorporate Monsters Inc. in general however rather was depicted as character blemishes in the identities of two monsters. At Monsters Inc., representatives are reasonably joyful. This is portrayed throughout the morning get-together where representatives cheerfully welcome one another and also talks in an energized way about the other days work. There are sufficient precautions set up to ensure the wellbeing of the workers. For example, the Child Detection Agency (CDA) is a SWAT-like group that assembles at whatever point there is a reported locating of human world items like toys, attire, or real youngsters, spanning the dimensional crevice and entering the world of monsters. Human articles or kids are considered to a great degree lethal and perilous (Anderson, 2001). The CDA is in charge of catching all unworldly protests and detoxifying all beasts that have come into contact with such objects. Furthermore, due to the mechanical supplies used to bring kids doors to the monster world, employees are obliged to wear hard caps for assurance if there should be an occurrence of the malfunctioning of an equipment. The last case displayed to depict the business world as positive is that of the satisfactory break structure and work plan. Workers work throughout ordinary daytime business hours, are given time off for lunch breaks, and are left at their recreation to appreciate evening exercises, for example, participating in dates, going out to supper, or for the relaxation at home. Ethical considerations and policies Ethical Issue # 1 The first ethical issue that is observed in this particular film is related to the generation of energy at Monster, Inc. Just like humans, monster enjoy utilizing electricity at their houses for various uses like watching televisions and to power lights. But the only difference that is found in this scenario is that in the human world the generation of power is carried out through deforestation and coal mining where deforestation has dangerous and devastating after effects on species that live in that particular area. The monster world generates power through the after effects of screams of children. However, it can be said that this is one of the serious concerns for disturbing the emotional condition of children while being unethical to them. Many other ways of doing so can be discovered and the Research and Development team is the one to do so. Their motto, ‘’we scare because we care’’ can be seen as they really care for the audience but they are doing t hem for their own self-interest. This is what also witnessed in the human world as well. This is specifically related to the corporate social responsibility. The utilitarianism approach should be adopted here which states that there is a dire need to maximize usefulness and eradicate any sort of misuse that damages or expose an unethical behavior and attitude towards the public. According to me, the employees in the RD department should be encouraged to find out some new improved ways to generate power without being unfavorable to the children and public. The issue was resolved through the discovery that laughter generates more power than the current scream tactic. This was found when a human child named as Boo slips through the door opened up by the monster Sully. Sully has already brought Boo home and so, he is not in any sort of trouble due to the fact that the employers of Monster Inc. had created some sort of panic in the mind of employees that children are extremely toxic to t hem. When Boo laughs, there was a great surge of power at his home. So, this shows that employees can also be encouraged to discover new ways to continue the business in an appropriate and ethical manner. If the company promotes employee voice of concern then employees can voice their views in this regard Ethical Issue # 2 The culture of fear introduced by the head of the company, Mr. Waternoose by discovering the Child Detection Agency in order to remove toxicity caused by the children. However, this was not the case at all. The head of this particular company was preventing the employees from forming any sort of associatio (Cahill, 2010)ns with the children. The head of the company is not following the Teleological theory of ethics as he does not focus much on the consequences of his actions which are totally unethical . The employees are always in a state of fear and anxiety as soon as they learn about the children being close to them but they are not toxic at all because of the fact that when the child enters Mr. Waternoose’s sight, he picked him up. The culture of the company emulated by the attitude of the employees was getting disturbed by this particular scenario. Mr. Waternoose should have thought about its employees for not creating any sort of instability in the work environment throu gh the creation of this culture. It is always necessary to maintain the culture of any particular company in order to make an organization a great workplace for its employees. More than that, after watching this film, the employees should be trained to not act accordingly as long as they have not witnessed the same thing in general. Only then, they can persuade themselves to believe and act accordingly. In this case, the employees haven’t experienced any sort of toxicity until they found out themselves due to the floating toys from human world to the monster world. Ethical Issue # 3 Mr. Waternoose values company first which is a good thing to maximize profit but it should be done in an ethical manner. This is already proved by the excerpts that Mr. Waternoose comments on the well-being of his company by saying that this company has been in his family for three generations and that he would do anything to maintain the continuity of his business. However, the CEO was recorded to have said that he will kidnap a thousand children before letting his company die and that he will not tolerate anyone if anyone comes in his way. This gives us an unethical approach towards the adoption of scare tactics because it was sole responsibility of his company to generate electricity and it can also be considered as an act of self-interest as the CEO can use the same tactic for his personal home use. Other Ethical Issues The other more minor moral issues depicted incorporated the violation of business strategies in light of the fact that you were asked by a companion or sentimental interest as seen by the various workers that damage the approach in regards to the harmfulness of youngsters when asked by the loveable creature Sully. An alternate business moral issue introduced was the real trick of the inconvenient impacts of innovative research and developmental initiatives that led to the astray causing detrimental effects to research subjects. In the film, the two misguided creatures were the CEO and Randall. Together these workers occupied with exploration amazingly risky to youngsters, however felt their activities were supported due to the severity of energy crisis. Conclusion The film Monsters, Inc. is focused around an electric organization in the monstrous world. The organization, Monsters, Inc. produces power for their city through screams of youngsters and refining the shouts into clean vitality to run the city. Also like any organization in any sort of world, beast or human, things need to run easily. Numerous things need to fall into spot for an organization or business to get fruitful and acquire gainfulness. Certain assets need to be utilized, human assets need to be given careful consideration to, and an aggressive environment is required for an organization to run quick and proficient. The four separate elements of generation the shouts as common assets, the processing plant and refineries as capital, the scaring and different laborers as work, and Mr. Waternoose as the ambitious person who began the organization. Monster, Inc. transforms clean energy from the shouts of little kids for all of Monstropolis and its monsters. The treatment of any organizations human assets incredibly influences its benefit, which is the reason it is something that needs to be given careful consideration to. In the event that an organization disregards their laborers, the workers may feel ignored and rebel against the employers. An effective productivity of the organization enormously lessened reflecting the breach of human code of conduct and whole scare floors must be closed down, and in view of this the motivation and encourage to work in such an environment lessened due to the reduction in their morale. The most productive use of natural resource is laughter of children. At the point when boo got away through her wardrobe into Monstropolis Mike and Sully needed to conceal her from the CDA. To keep boo from hollering, Mike needed to make her laugh, however when she did giggle, the power would go haywire and things would short out. The thought of competition is communicated all through the film by staying informed of the amount of scare points handled by every monster, and each creature needed to have the highest scare points in light of the fact that they then would get prevalent around the monstrous world. References Anderson, D. K. (Producer), Doctor, P. (Director). (2001). Monstern, Inc [Motion Picture]. Cahill, L. S. (2010). TELEOLOGY AND UTILITARIANISM ETHICS. Retrieved from http://www.ts.mu.edu/readers/content/pdf/42/42.4/42.4.4.pdf

Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Power of

The Power of Fate in Oedipus Rex (the King) The underlying theme in Oedipus Rex is that fate is more powerful than free will. On this strong basis of fate, free will doesn't even exist. This was a popular belief among the ancient Greeks.   Fate may be accepted or denied by modern society, but in Oedipus's story, fate proves inevitable. In the play, Oedipus Rex, the characters Oedipus, Iocaste and Laios try to change fate.    In the very beginning of the story, before we hear from the oracle, there is already foreshadowing of Oedipus' impending doom. He, himself, states to the people, "Sick as you are, not one is as sick as I" (Sophocles 5). This statement is almost eerie when looking back upon it. Alone, it seems as if he knows that he is ill fated, but reading on he clarifies his pain in this way:    Each of you suffers in himself alone His anguish, not another's; but my spirit Groans for the city, for myself, for you" (Sophocles 5).    His pain is not his future; it is the plague of the country. Oedipus was told by Teiresias that in his later years he would be the killer of his own father, and would marry his own mother. In his attempt to avoid this situation, he left both of his parents and traveled to a far away city called Thebes. Once there he was married to a woman, that he, himself, was positive was not his mother, for his mother was the woman that he had left back in Corinth. Also, being so far from his known home, there was no chance that he could kill his father whom he had also left behind. Oedipus thought he was safe, but he was not.    Oedipus is not the only one that tries to escape the curse. Iocaste also tried to escape the curse. She knows about it before Oedipus, himsel... ...esume on his good fortune until he find pain Life, at his death, a memory without pain (Sophocles 78).       Work Cited Sophocles.   "Oedipus Rex."   An Introduction to Literature, 11th ed.Eds. Sylvan Barnet, et al.   New York: Longman, 1997.    1. You use a lot of appositives.   Appositives are devices that rename something, "Oedipus, himself" or "Laios, the king" or "highwayman, a stranger."   The second name should be set off by commas:   "Oedipus, himself." 2. The character of Teiresias should be discussed in your conclusion since he embodies the truth about the absolute finality of fate, which is exactly what the other three characters failed to see. 3. Your paper should be organized so that each point, or each character is discussed in a separate paragraph and you stick to that character until you have fully discussed him or her.   

The Relationship Between Managed Care And Prevention

In the fast and extensive changes that come with the evolving health-care systems in the United States, Managed Care organizations are viewed as the new actors in disease prevention and management. There are several reasons why Managed Care organizations should and are involved in disease prevention and management. First, managed care organizations have become the primary source of health care both for beneficiaries of publicly and employer-funded health programs such as Medicare and Medicaid.Statistics show that Managed Care enrollment has jumped from 6 million people in 1976 to 51 million in 1994 (Bektas, 2000). Since Managed Care plans are basically set up as health care insurance policies, this rapid increase that is prevalent even in the present means a greater risk of financial loss due to members getting sick with all kinds of disease. It thus becomes an imperative for Managed Care organizations to provide programs for disease prevention and management in order to minimize pot ential loss. Second, Managed Care plans have historically included prevention.This is embedded in the system’s performance measure as such organizations maintain and develop systems that aim to improve service quality. Thus, a god number of Managed Care organizations use internal performance-measurement and quality-improvement systems like Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) for system oversight and enhancement. Since the primary goal of Managed Care organizations is the health welfare of its clients, it falls incumbent upon them to provide measures for disease management and prevention (Bektas, 2000).Previous preventive measures that Managed Care organizations were involved with include vaccinations, cancer and cholesterol screening, mammography, retina exams for diabetics and prenatal care. Third, since Managed Care organizations are basically representatives of organized care systems, they should take due responsibility for the populations they service. They are accountab le to plan purchasers and individual consumers as well as to federal and state regulatory agencies for outcomes desired of all stakeholders which includes disease prevention.The following are the current measures that Managed Care organizations provide for disease prevention and management. Diseases and Health Care Information Drives Information drives aim to use public awareness to prevent possible undesirable outcomes from occurring. This activity involves tie-ups with business and government institutions where the drives could be launched. Some information drives are launched in public schools while others are held in business districts or company buildings.For its part, The Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound (GHCPS), a Managed Care organization with 486,000 members in Washington and Idaho continues to have information drives on the dangers of smoking, depression detection and management, stress management, and bicycle safety tips for children (Gordon, 2003). Such moves have led to an 8% decrease in smoking prevalence from 1985 to 1994, a 44% increase in the use of proper bicycle safety gear among children from 1987 to 1992 which is cited as the main reason for the 67% decrease in bicycle-related injuries in the same period (Gordon, 2003).Disease Screening Disease screening involves offering free services for routine examinations for common diseases. GHCPS has been involved with launching breast cancer screening programs in the past 12 years and continues to be involved at the present. The programs have yielded a 32% decrease in late-stage breast cancer. This is primarily because the program was able to detect breast cancer in early stages. This led to a 27% increase in survivability of breast cancer patients (Gordon, 2003).United Health plan in Los Angeles is also funding a similar program, they have also included lung and skin cancer screening as well as cholesterol and sugar level monitoring. United Health has reported positive results regarding the se disease screening programs. They determine several cases of abnormal cholesterol and sugar levels on a daily basis which help clients avoid further health risks. Immunization Programs Immunization programs require the procurement, delivery, and administration of necessary vaccines in order to prevent common diseases.These often necessitate tie-ups with pharmaceutical companies and local government. The GHPCS, United Health, and several other Managed Care organizations continually launch immunization programs for childhood and adult vaccinations. The vaccines are for diseases like chicken pox, influenza, hepatitis, typhoid, mumps and measles. Similarly, the National Immunization Program has formed tie ups with several Managed Care organizations to improve preschool children’s vaccination status. The dynamics of this alliance have individual organizations working with public health agencies in conducting CQI initiatives in immunization areas.The main objective is to increase vaccination rates in children up to 24 months of age. The program involves data collection and patient database management, parent education and incentives, and partnerships with both public and private entities for community outreach and immunization education. Implementation of the program over a 5-year period resulted to the standardization of vaccination records, various information seminars for medical staffs and children’s parents, and a vaccination completion rate that increased to 73% from 55% since the start of the program (Gordon, 2003).Satisfied with the program’s initial success, the National Immunization Program continues its partnership with Managed Care organizations at the present. Breastfeeding Seminars and Pre-natal care Previous studies have shown that breastfeeding significantly increases infant’s immune system and body resistance. This is why United Health also implements a breastfeeding awareness and seminar program that seeks to make wome n who have just given birth or are currently pregnant aware of the advantages of breastfeeding their babies up to two years of age.These seminars also discuss and disprove common misconceptions about breastfeeding and include illustrations on proper breastfeeding in order to minimize discomforts and maximize milk output. These programs have helped increase the prevalence of breastfeeding from only 7% in 1988 to 30% in 1990. Currently, breastfeeding programs have collectively encouraged 65% of American pregnant women to breastfeed for at least 6 months after giving birth (Gordon, 2003). Public Service ClinicsPublic service clinics are situated in key locations within the coverage area of designated Managed Care organizations. Their primary task is to service the immediate community’s basic health care needs. Their objectives include preventing disease outbreaks, providing a venue for other programs such as screening and immunization drives, and administering immediate remedies regardless of health care insurance status. Of the 100,000 people under United Health’s public service clinics, only 65% are Medicaid or Medicare beneficiaries (Gordon, 2003).Conclusion Managed Care organizations have genuine, industry based concern regarding the immediate and long-term disease prevention and management status of the areas that they operate in. This has led them to venturing into a variety of action plans that include information drives, screening and immunization programs, health awareness seminars and public service clinics. These projects show that managed Care organizations are standing up to their responsibility of not merely insuring but also ensuring the health of the American society. References: Gordon, K. (2003). Corporate Responsibility in Managed Care Providers. Howard & Sons: New Jersey. Bektas, Y. (2000). An Analysis of Trends in American Health Care since World War II. Prentice Hall.

How to Conjugate the French Verb Rester (to Stay)

How to Conjugate the French Verb Rester (to Stay) Rester is the French verb that means to stay or to remain. This is a very useful word and one youll want to add to your vocabulary. To use  rester properly, youll need to study its conjugations. This will allow you to say I am staying, he stayed and similar phrases. The good news is that  rester  is a regular verb, so its a little easier to memorize than others. The Basic Conjugations of  Rester Rester is a regular -er verb, meaning it follows a very common conjugation pattern. If you have studied other French verbs like passer (to pass) or visiter (to visit), you can apply the same infinitive endings you already know to this verb. The indicative mood is the most common and these are the forms of  rester  that youll use most often for the basic present, future, and imperfect past tenses. Using the verb stem (or radical)  rest-, you will add a variety of endings to match both the subject pronoun and the tense of your sentence. The chart will help you memorize these various forms. For example, I am staying is  je reste  and we will stay is  nous resterons. Your daily life should have plenty of opportunities to practice this verb and the more you use it, the easier it is to remember. Present Future Imperfect je reste resterai restais tu restes resteras restais il reste restera restait nous restons resterons restions vous restez resterez restiez ils restent resteront restaient The Present Participle of Rester When we add an -ant  ending to the stem of  rester, the result is the  present participle  restant. Rester  in the Compound Past Tense While there are other compound forms you can study, well focus on the most common for this lesson. The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is used for the past tense and requires the  auxiliary verb  Ãƒ ªtre  as well as the  past participle  restà ©. The only conjugation required for this is à ªtre into the present tense for the subject. The past participle remains unchanged and takes care of implying that the action happened in the past. For example, I stayed is je suis restà © and we stayed is nous sommes restà ©. You can see how this can be much easier than memorizing all those imperfect forms, but dont skip those just to save time. Your French teacher may require you use them. More Simple Conjugations of Rester The  rester  conjugations above should be your top priority, though there are a few more simple conjugations you may need from time to time. They each have their own purpose and are good to know. For instance, when the action is uncertain, the subjunctive is used. In an if...then situation, you can use the conditional. Less frequently, you may even need the  passà © simple  or  imperfect subjunctive, though these tend to be for formal uses. Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je reste resterais restai restasse tu restes resterais restas restasses il reste resterait resta restà ¢t nous restions resterions restà ¢mes restassions vous restiez resteriez restà ¢tes restassiez ils restent resteraient restà ¨rent restassent If you want to command your dog to Stay! in French, you can use the imperative form.  For this, you can skip the subject pronoun and simplify it to Reste !  Of course, it has other uses, but the idea of training your dog in French is a fun idea. Imperative (tu) reste (nous) restons (vous) restez

Specific Learning Disabilities in the Classroom

Specific Learning Disabilities in the Classroom Specific Learning Disabilities (SLDs) is the largest and fastest growing disability category in public schools. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA) defines SLDs: The term specific learning disability means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which disorder may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations. In other words, children with specific learning disabilities have trouble speaking, writing, spelling, reading and doing math. Types of SLDs Specific Learning Disabilities can include perceptual disabilities and Specific Learning Disabilities my significantly impair a childs ability to succeed in school, but not limit a child so much that he or she cant successfully participate in the general education curriculum with support. Inclusion and SLDs The practice of placing children with learning disabilities in classrooms with normal or, as special educators prefer it, typically developing children is called inclusion. The best place for a child with Specific Learning Disabilities is an inclusive classroom. This way he or she will get the special support they need without leaving the classroom. According to IDEA, the general education classroom is the default position. Before the re-authorization of IDEA of 2004, there was a discrepancy rule, which required a significant discrepancy between a childs intellectual ability (measured by IQ) and their academic functioning (measured by standardized Achievement Tests). A child reading below grade level who did not score well on an IQ test might have been denied special education services. That is no longer true. Challenges That Children With SLDs Present Understanding the nature of specific deficits can help a special educator design instructional strategies to help the disabled learner overcome difficulties. Some common problems include: Difficulty discriminating visual information, which can include dyslexia.Difficulty processing visual or auditory information.Difficulty organizing information visually or sequentially.Difficulty understanding the relationship between symbols and auditory or numerical ideas. SLD Children Benefit From Structured small group instructionDirect Instruction, often using repetitive and highly structured programs for reading and math.Repetitive practice at the students level of success.Support called Specially Designed Instruction (SDIs) which can include everything from small group instruction to frequent stretch breaks. Buyer Beware Some publishers or helping professionals offer programs or materials which they claim will help a child with Specific Learning Disabilities overcome their difficulties. Often referred to as Pseudo-Science these programs often depend on research that the publisher or practitioner has dummied up or anecdotal information, not real, reproducible research.

Common Assessment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Common Assessment - Research Paper Example The main aim and goals is to help obtain the necessary management skills to manage the Information Technology department. Goals and Objectives The chief role of this channel is to make sure that the organization accomplishes its goals through having a good knowledge on how to use the Information Technology systems that store, process, and transmit the required information of the organization. Secondly, the management can achieve this by ensuring that the management make good risk management decisions to minimize expenditures that are also part of IT budget, and thirdly is by helping the Information Technology systems management on the purpose of making use of the supporting software documentation resulting from the performance of the risk management. Target Audience The main audience used to identify these issues, and concerns leading to poor Technology management are the personnel who support the management process for their Information Technology systems. ... The system and application programmers IT quality assurance personnel Information system auditors IT consultants Strategies and techniques used to improve technology management Information Technology management is a technique used by many companies to take advantage of the available Information Technology resources to increase and improve the pace of production and create a competitive business operations. Many business or managers may fail to fully implement and make use of Information Technology in their due to the expenses, maintenance and upgrade requirements. However, this can be through developing good Information Technology management strategies in the company. The managers should also find a good way of using technology to improve and increase the company’s productivity and operations. Corporate strategy Managers to set the overall direction of a company use corporate strategy. The business shareholders and department managers determine the financial markets the corpor ation will function in, how to get the required materials and resources, and how to get its products into the marketplace (Tesar, 2003). The information Technology department should assist the company in achieving these goals. For example, the Information Technology systems can use the company’s website to advertise and sell the company goods and services online in markets. The technology department can also use the systems to order materials from dealers, and using commerce software to make forecasts for productions and sales of the company. Business strategy This strategy only focuses on one division, department, and product line in the company. Managers and the

Dynamism in Precolonial African Society Research Paper - 1

Dynamism in Precolonial African Society - Research Paper Example This essay declares that the societies of Africa, thrust into democratic setups, have been unable to function as smoothly as they did under indigenous forms of governance. This is not to suggest that democracy is not a workable form of governance in Africa. However, the transition was not effected in a very scientific manner and there was a great resistance from the ancient forms of social structuring. The power and dynamism of these social orders can be seen in the resistance to sudden and imposed change that they offer. The tribal forms of governance in African societies were in many ways, examples of a smooth and efficient from of democracy. While they were not completely democratic by any stretch of imagination, they did offer certain strengths to women and marginalized sections of the society in ways that Western society never has. They also offered means of redressal for people who had been wronged in ways that were quick and efficient. In many colonized societies a quick and s mooth system of justice was often replaced by Western systems of law that failed to work as effectively in these societies. They were unable to dispense justice in quick and efficient ways. This paper makes a conclusion that Africa has been referred to as the ‘dark continent’. This epithet has obviously racist connotations. It also designates the continent as one which was always ignorant of civilized ways of being. The dynamic and robust structuring of precolonial African societies belies these views.

How does the western model of Internet Banking apply to Russia Literature review

How does the western model of Internet Banking apply to Russia - Literature review Example Recently many banks have adopted online banking. With its boom in the United States and the United Kingdom, online baking has subsequently spread to other areas, Russia included. Victor (2008, p. 724) asserts that although this is the era of internet boom in many regions of the world and that more developed countries are increasingly using the internet for various ways, the reality is that most of the developing countries are yet to fully adopt the internet and embrace it as a way of doing business. The online banking, commonly referred to as the internet banking is one of the newest forms of banking adopted by banks in the developed countries. According to Arnaboldi (2009, p. 1), â€Å"a few pioneering banks started to offer products via the internet in the mid-nineties.† This shows long the service has been on going in the European-banking sector. However, Russia and other Eastern Europe countries are yet to realize the dream of conducting most of their banking operations wi th convenience of their mobile phones and computers. Hopes of these people transforming their banking services and fully going digital are still alive, if the current changes and improvements in the banking sector are anything to go by. More and more, banks in the Russian region have embraced the need to go online, with many customers already subscribing to internet banking. While the previous technologies used in the country were unreliably painful to the customers, current innovative improvements in the sector provide hopes for a full transformation of the entire sector. However, not all western banking models are applicable in the Russian situation. A few modifications are necessary to make it compatible with the Russian customer base. This is because of the differences in customer base between the developed and the developing countries (Jaruwachirathanakul & Fink 2005 p. 302). The slow nature of the internet banking penetration rate of the people constrains the hopes of growing and expanding this sector to robust volumes such as in the United States and on the United Kingdom. Hopes for growing the sector are still high, as 10-12 per cent of the total bankable population are ready and more than willing. This percentage loves the convenience of the internet, as well as its efficiency. The biggest booster of this trend is the adoption of the emoney and the money kiosks industry. Most of the banks offering internet banking in Russia offer payment services. This is however, a misconception about the whole issue about internet banking, a notion held by most of these banks’ customers. Initially, banks offer banks offer iBanking services to their customers, with only the opportunity to make their payments. The biggest advantage for this service is its ability to reduce the transaction costs for the customers. However, banks miss out from making sales, which were potentially available for the banks to exploit. Mols (2000, p. 12) stresses on the important rol e-played by the internet to business organizations in marketing their products and services. according to Mols, (2000, p. 14), the increase in online marketing offers business organizations unlimited opportunities to advertise and sell their products and services. As such, many organizations have introduced online sales that allow customers to search and pay for the ownership of goods. Benefits accrued from online banking cannot be underestimated. In most cases, young men aged between 25

Determination of Dissolved Oxygen In a Water Essay Example for Free

Determination of Dissolved Oxygen In a Water Essay INTRODUCTION In an alkaline solution, dissolved oxygen will oxidize manganese(II) to the trivalent state. 8OH-(aq) + 4Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) ï ¼ Ã¯ ¼ Ã¯ ¼Å¾ 4Mn(OH)3(s) The analysis is completed by titrating the iodine produced from potassium iodide by manganese(III) hydroxide. 2Mn(OH)3(s) + 2I-(aq) + 6 H+(aq) ï ¼ Ã¯ ¼ Ã¯ ¼Å¾ 2Mn2+(aq) + I2(aq) + 6H2O(l) Sodium thiosulphate is used as the titrant. Success of the method is critically dependent upon the manner in which the sample is manipulated. At all stages, every method must be made to assure that oxygen is neither introduced to nor lost from the sample. Furthermore, the sample must be free of any solutes that will oxidize iodide or reduce iodine. Chemicals: Manganese(II) sulphate solution – prepared by dissolving 48 g of MnSO4.4H2O in water to five 100 cm3 solution; alkaline potassium iodide solution—prepared by dissolving 15 g of KI in about 25 cm3 of water, adding 66 cm3 of 50% NaOH, and diluting to 100 cm3; concentrated sulphuriv(VI) acid; 0.0125 M sodium thiosulphate solution; starch solution (freshly prepared). Apparatus: 250 cm3 volumetric flask, 250 cm3 conical flask, measuring cylinders, titration apparatus, magnetic stirrer Procedure: 1.Use a 250 cm3 volumetric flask to collect water sample. Fill the flask completely with water without trapping any air bubbles. 2.Add 1 cm3 of manganese(II) sulphate solution to the sample using a pipette. Discharge the solution well below the surface (some overflow will occur). 3.Similarity introduce 1 cm3 of alkaline potassium iodide solution. Be sure that no air becomes entrapped. Invert the bottle to distribute the precipitate uniformly. [Hazard Warning: Care should be taken to avoid exposure to any overflow, as the solution is quite alkaline.] 4.When the precipitate has  settled at least 3 cm below the stopper, introduce 1 cm3 of concentrated sulphuric acid well below the surface. Replace the stopper and carefully mix until the precipitate disappears. A magnetic stirrer is helpful here. 5.Allow the mixture to stand for 5 minutes and then withdraw 100cm3 of the acidified sample into a 250 cm3 conical flask. 6.Titrate with 0.0125M sodium thiosulphate until the iodine colour bec omes faint. Then add 1 cm3 of starch solution and continue adding the thiosulphate solution until the blue colour disappears. 7.Record the volume of thiosulphate solution used and calculate the dissolved oxygen content in the sample in mg dm-3. Remarks 1.If the water sample has a low DO value, it is recommended to withdraw 200 cm3 of the acidified sample into a 500 cm3 flask for the titration describe in step 5. 2.This experiment can be further developed into a project to study the extent of water pollution. (a)The water sample under investigation is divided into two portions. One portion of the sample is immediately analysed for dissolving oxygen using the Winkler method. The other portion is stored in the dark for five days. (b)Repeat the analysis with the water sample that has been stored in the dark for five days. The difference between the two measurements is the five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), measured in mg dm-3.

Role of HR managers in Recruitment and Selection

Role of HR managers in Recruitment and Selection To analyse the role of HR managers in Recruitment and Selection, it essential to firstly understand what is Recruitment and Selection, in what ways does it affect the goals of the organisations. When an employee leaves an organisation, it affects not only the organisation but also the individual employee and society as a whole (Mobley, 1982, p. 15- 31, cited in Morrell et al., 2001, p. 220). The productivity and efficiency of organisations depend upon the quality of their workforce or human capital and there is a general agreement that its fixed capital is relatively increasing (Wolf and Jenkins, 2006). The HR managers should develop strategic methods for Recruitment and Selection. Schmitt and Chan (1998:239), defined the goals of strategic HRM, to acquire deploy and allocate human resources in ways that provide the organisation with a competitive advantage (Wolf and Jenkins, 2006). Recruitment and Selection is one of the element of an array of HR practices that needs to be integrate d into a coherent bundle by organisations in order to support the delivery of cooperate strategy. Recruitment and Selection is the main function of Human Resourcing in organisations (Newell and Rice, 1999, cited in Millmore, 2003, p. 8). Recruitment and Selection as The processes by which organizations solicit, contact, and interest potential appointees, and then establish whether it would be appropriate to appoint any of them (Watson, 1994, p.185 cited in Bratton and Gold, 1999, p.192). Recruitment involves the utilization of organisational practices to influence the number and types of individuals who are willing to apply for job vacancies (Rynes, 1991; Rynes Cable, 2003). Recruitment can focus on internal labour market (like pursuing staff already employed by the organization) or external labour market (like pursuing applicants from outside the organization). Internal candidates can be recruited through internal job postings, word-of-mouth or internship programs. (Casper) Organisations are undergoing changes in terms of expansion-beyond the local to national and international frontiers. Therefore, recruitment and selection processes used by organisations are becoming more sophisticated. Selection is a process through which a firm chooses an applicant from a pool of applicants for a post, within the organisation by using techniques to decide which applicant is best suited for the vacancy in question by contrast recruitment involves choosing an applicant from an ex ternal pool by actively soliciting applications from potential employees. Recruitment is a positive activity where the employers sell themselves into the labour market to increase the pool of deserving candidates, from which employees are chosen. Selection can be viewed as a negative activity as it involves choosing the best candidate. The goal of recruitment and selection processes is to judge the psychological difference between individuals and its relationship to following job performance. The recruitment and selection process has two main characteristics attraction which determines how an individual becomes an applicant it signifies the two-way power relationship involved in selection and assessment which refers to assessment of application within a work context this is done by using tools like references, curriculum vitas, autobiographical application blanks, interviews, personality psychometric tests and work-sample methods (Searle, 2003). Assessment of suitability for organi sational needs reflect priorities in an employers agenda, rather than a potential employees concerns (Schuler et al., 1993, cited in Ramsay et al., 1999, p. 65). In the 1980s, major changes took place in regards to HR practices within the organisations. This was a result of increasing awareness and impact of HR on the firms. During this period the HR policies emerged as a lever for organisations, assisting them in repositioning or strengthening, their place within a particular sector. As a part of resultant changes, selection and recruitment processes were recognised as critical components in successful change management (Iles and Salaman, 1995, p. 203). The integration and internal consistency of HR systems is important for organisational success (Legge, 1995). Recruitment and Selection is one of the tools within the HR strategy. For an HR manager hiring competent people is of paramount importance which can be attained by using effective recruitment and selection processes, with the goal of choosing the right candidate and rejecting the wrong. For example: The Telebank case study (Korczynski et al., 1999, cited in Callaghan and Thompson, 2002), reflects a shift in trend from manufacturing to service sector contribution in the overall economy. In service sector, work and empathy towards the customer plays a prime role in recruitment and other HR processes. Its therefore important for the HR Manager to recruit a staff with the desired attitudinal and behavioural characteristics, induct them in the companys philosophy and retain them. As an HR Manager it is essential to note that selection frequently focuses on attitudes to flexibility and service to customer than skill or qualification levels of the candidate (Redman and Mathews, 1998, p. 60 cited in Callaghan and Thompson, 2002). Also attracting good talent me ans increase in remuneration rate, better pay package, working conditions, job security and internal career mapping (Arthur, 1994; Appelbaum et al., 2000; Batt et al., 2002, cited in Smith et al., 2004). Bach (2008) defines Recruitment as the process of attracting people who might make an organizational contribution to fill a particular role or job. Approaches to Recruitment: Internal Recruitment: Most of the private sector employers, attempt to fill vacancies internally before they consider looking for people outside the organisation (Newell and Shackleton 2000, p. 116, CIPD 2003b, p. 11). Public sector is open to advertising both internally and externally. Fuller and Huber (1998, p. 621) have identified four different forms of internal recruitment activities namely, internal promotions, lateral transfers, job rotation, re-hiring former employees. This is profitable for both the employees and the organisations. Internal recruitment is cost effective and firms do not have to advertise jobs, it can be done by using intranet services, newsletters and staff notice boards. It helps in boosting the morale of the employee, building a strong internal labour force. The organisation also maximises its return on investment in staff training, by bringing in increased motivation, deepened skills and high level of commitment, providing the organisation with a competit ive edge leading to organisational effectiveness. Selection is done on the basis of the individuals merit and knowledge. The organisations express their models of employee characteristics and the behaviour required of potential employees through competency frameworks (Roberts, 1997). These frameworks help the organisations to recruit and select the suitable people through sophisticated techniques. There are certain negative aspects of internal recruitment as well; if all the recruitment to all the positions is done internally, it would lead to stagnation, there would be lack of originality and a fall in the organisations knowledge base. It might so happen that the best suited candidate for the job is not currently working for the organisation. Internal recruitment adds to the long term imbalances of the workforce, the ethnic minorities who are not well represented will be subjected to inequality. IRS (2002d) highlights a problematic feature of internal recruitment; it includes the n eed of managing of situations in which candidates are unsuccessful. Turning down external candidates would not cause a problem instead turning down internal candidates would create a difficult situation which then needs careful management. Exclusive use of internal recruitment is less common in the public sector organisations, as they believe in advertising all vacancies externally. They do so because they at all levels want to reflect that their staffs reflect the make-up of the whole society. For example NHS and local governments advertise their jobs in newspapers. (Storey, 2007). External Recruitment: there are lots of different approaches used to attract prospective candidates, more conventional than the other. There are five formal methods used for most of the jobs, these are, Printed media which includes national newspapers, local newspapers, trade and professional journals, magazines. External agencies which includes job centres, outplacement consultants, head-hunters, employment agencies, Forces Resettlement Agency, Recruitment consultants. Education Liaison consists of careers service, career fairs, college tutors, career advisors, student societies. Other media includes direct mail, local radio, teletext, billboards, internet, TV and cinema. Professional contacts consist of conferences, trade union referrals, suppliers, industry contacts. There are some other methods that can be used such as word of mouth or grapevine. These are cost effective as well. A lot of considerations must be taken into mind before deciding which method to use. For example, it would be inappropriate to advertise for an engineer in a medical journal. Another consideration is the number of applicants each method can yield and the ability of the personnel specialists to administer them effectively. For example, opening a new store would lead in creation of hundreds of new jobs. There is a new method of external recruitment known as E- recruitment or Internet Recruitment. In the first few years of the 21st century it has been noticed that there is an expansion to include vacancies in all work areas over the internet. Over 70 percent of employers were advertising some jobs on the internet in 2003 (CIPD 2003b, p15). The web based recruitment has changed the way the recruitment industry operates, it is a revolutionary development. Internet Recruitmen t is of four different forms, namely, Employer websites it involves maintaining pages of vacancy as a part of their organisations websites. They are cheap to operate for the employee and provide numerous options to the organisation in choosing its employee. This method has drawbacks as well, this approach this viable for large- sized employers within defined labour markets, medium or small scale employers will not benefit from this approach. Cyber agencies involve making use of specialist employment agencies that operates on the web, well known examples are Monster.com. They advertise the jobs as well as undertake short listing on behalf of employers depending on the CVs sent by candidates. Schreyer and McCarter (1998, p. 222) stated that in time a handful of highly sophisticated, international operations will emerge and carry general job vacancies on behalf of the industrialised world. Jobsites linked to newspapers and journals includes all recruitment-based websites that runs parallel with job based operations, for example, London Evening Standard. These sites publish jobs which have already been published in newspapers and journals. The advantage of this is that the job seekers can directly reach the employers site via hotlink, send an e-mail and search for vacancies in the job bank. Jobsites operated by employment agencies includes employment agents developing a formidable web presence. The job seekers register with these agencies and browse vacancies using the search engine. The government also advertises its vacancies on the internet via its Learning and Work Bank. Employee Recruitment and selection is one of the key functions of a manager. The manager has to take the decision whether to recruit internally or externally. WERS survey questioned managers whether internal applicants are given more preference over external applicants while filling vacancies. The majority of the managers responded that both external and internal applicants were treated equally, 10percent preferred external applicants where as one-fifth preferred internal applicants. Large workplaces which consisted of more than 100 employees preferred internal applicants than smaller workplaces. Private sector workplaces preferred internal applicants in comparison to the public sector workplace who preferred recruiting external applicants. This association held for after controlling for workplace size. Managers preferring to recruit internally was unchanged during 1998 to 2004. HR practices being outsourced is an increasing phenomenon these days. Recruitment and Selection has become one of the outsourced HR practices, depending on the size of the firm. For example: Andrea Ordanini Giacomos article is based on outsourcing the decisions of Recruitment and Selection. They stated that an efficient model based on competitive motivations, transaction cost economy was formed and was tested in 276 organisations both medium and large. It was found that both efficiency motivations and competitive issues are important. Selection is the process by which managers and others use specific instruments to choose from a pool of applicants a person or persons most likely to succeed in the job(s), given management goals and legal requirement (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 221). There are two key principles underlying the process of selection, they are individual differences, a way of measuring how one individual is distinct from other. They may differ in terms of intelligence, skills, age, experience, etc. Then is prediction, which recognises that individual differences may be a measure of predicting performance at workplace. Interview is the most common method of selection, as shown in Figure 2 below. However, firms are realising the importance of selection and are applying other methods to bring in effectiveness to the process. Smith and Graves (2002) have highlighted that there are concerns expressed in the literature about the usage of traditional interview methods. Along with the interview, other methods like application forms and letters of reference are used which is referred as the classic trio by Cook (1994, p. 15). Viewed from a psychometric perspective three criterias are applied to measure the effectiveness of the selection tool (Bratton and Gold, 2007, p. 258). These are validity, concerns the degree of appropriateness of what is being measured, reliability which focuses on accuracy of the data and lastly, usefulness. Validity can be defined as the agreement between a test score or measure and the quantity it is believed to measure (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2001, p. 32). The definition emphasises on what does the test offer to measure and what it really measures. Validity may also depend upon the purpose of the test. For example, the Myers Briggs Type Indicator is a personality-assessment test but is stated that it is a valid test only for development purposes. Validity is a difficult issue to prove, there are four ways to identify validity: face validity, content validity, construct validity and criterion-related validity. Out of these types of validity the most important is the predictive or criterion- related validity. It involves establishing relation between predictors and the criterion.Face validity is important for people who are taking the test; it depends on the appearance of the test. The test-takers have put in their time and effort to get a job and therefore, should feel satisfied by the assessment and feel it was relevant. It may sometimes have an adverse effect on the test- users who keep deciding which tool to use for selection. Sometimes without accessing the entire information through the manual handbooks about the test, the test-user makes a decision depending upon how the test looks. It may therefore provide false validity and may prove to be a distraction. Content validity is concerned with accuracy of the theory it covers. It is found in attainment, when a person is required to display their knowledge or skills in a particular area. For example, a test assessing competence of a Personnel Manager would be expected to include items taken from Human resource syllabus. Content validity is the only form of validity which is based on logical information. There are two problems of content validity namely, content under- representation, that is when an important component or information relevant to the theory is omitted. The second issue is construct- irrelevant variance that is contaminating the conceptual domain by components which are not relevant.Construct validity was introduced by Cronbach and Meehl (1955) when they stated that underlying each test there is a construct that gets assessed. It assumes that anything can be defined and measured. All the information regarding the definition of the topic that is being assessed and the develop ment procedure for the test should be present in the test manual. The test manual shows the composition of the test and also defines the population used for comparisons. An advantage of construct validity is that the tools occupy a conceptual domain; it is entirely based on theory. The new construction methods use Item Response Theory (IRT). In this theory the test must measure an underlying construct, it should be uni-dimensional, but it does not specify what construct it is or what construct it must be (Schimidt et.al., 2000). Criterion-related validity states what is being measured to an external criterion. It can be assessed in two different ways, namely, concurrent validity and predictive validity. Concurrent validity can be checked by assessing the test- takers performance, at that particular time in the test as they undertake another assessment. It deals with current level of individuals performance. This assessment is based on the validity of both the test and verifies the validity of the criterion. For example Eyesenck Personality Test. Predictive validity emphasises on the future and assesses the person to reveal the connection between the initial result and the latter outcome, at two separate points. This is an important tool for identifying individuals suitable for promotion to senior roles. Reliability mainly refers to the stability of a method used to select individuals. There are many types of reliability out of which three are the most important one in relation to selection methods. First being Testee reliability that is the test should provide the same result overtime. Then comes Tester reliability, it states that if one individual is interviewed by two different people and they both have different opinions about him, that is if one is satisfied and the other is not. It can be concluded that the selection method is not reliable. Thirdly, Test reliability states that there should be consistency in the results. Interview being the most common method of selection which has been noticed above, but research shows that other methods are used in combination with it. The pre- selection method starts first with application forms, CVs and sometimes biographical data consisting of individuals experiences and achievements. It has been noticed that bio datas improve validity. Gathering CVs through internet also improves the early screening process. The other methods used in selection are Interviews it may be structured or unstructured interviews, psychological tests which includes cognitive tests, personality tests, assessment centres which includes interviews, psychometric tests, stimulation of actual work tasks in order to observe job-related behaviours (Cooper and Robertson, 1995). Conclusion Smith (1994) differentiated between three forms of individual characteristics that relate to job performance: universals which refers to characteristics relevant to all jobs; occupational which refers to characteristics preferable to a particular job or occupation; and lastly relationals it refers to characteristics relevant in a particular work setting. This structure suggests that it is necessary to match characteristics of individuals with the characteristics of the particular work setting. Research has shown that people who fit in the work setting are more committed and satisfied compared to people who do not fit. (OReilly et al.1991). Thus recruitment and selection process is of utmost importance. Organisations have now got the ability to construct appropriate models for recruitment and selection by using reliable and valid techniques. Recruitment and selection are the first stage of interaction between organisations and applicants, which forms the employment relationship. (Brat ton and Gold,1999,p.207). Recruitment and selection are a part of the broader process of socialisation. Selectors should be aware of how well particular methods predict future performance (their validity) and of different methods cost, accuracy of tests. Growing awareness of the potential contribution of HR practices to business strategy (Guest and King, 2004) may increase organisational receptiveness to HR involvement (Wolf and Jenkins, 2006). Finally, I would like to conclude by saying that both the methods of recruitment, internal and external are important for the functioning of the organisation and also depends upon the size of the organisation. From the above argument we get a clear picture that managers should be very strategic. They should look at the validity and reliability of every method of selection. For example: we cannot use only CVs to recruit a middle manager. REFERENCES: Bach, S. (2008) Managing Human Resources: Personnel Management in Transition. 4th edition. Blackwell Publishing, UK Boxall, P. and Purcell, J. (2008) Strategy and Human Resource Management. 2nd edition. Palgrave Macmillan, New York Bratton, J. and Gold, J. (1999) Human Resource Management Theory and Practice. 2nd edition. Palgrave Macmillan, New York Bratton, J. and Gold, J. (2003) Human Resource Management Theory and Practice. 3rd edition. Palgrave Macmillan, New York Bratton, J. and Gold, J. (2007) Human Resource Management Theory and Practice. 4th edition. Palgrave Macmillan, New York Callaghan, G. and Thompson, P. (2002) We recruit attitude: The selection and shaping of routine call centre labour, Journal of Management Studies: 39(2): 233-254 Kersley, B., Alpin, C., Forth, J., Bryson, A., Bewley, H., Dix, D., Oxenbridge, S. (2007) Inside the workplace: Findings from the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey. Oxon: Routledge Millmore, M. (2003) Just how extensive is the practice of strategic recruitment and selection, Irish Journal of Management, 24(1): 87-108 Morrell, K., Loan-Clarke, J. and Wilkinson, A. (2001) Unweaving Leaving: the use of models in the management of employee turnover, International Journal of Management Reviews, 3(3): 5-22 Nolan, P. (1992) Securing human resources: Employer strategies and the labour market, in E. Thorne (ed.) The Challenge of the Economic Environment, Open University Press Ordanini, A. and Silvestri, G. (2008) Recruitment and selection services: efficiency and competitive reasons in the outsourcing of HR practices, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19,2, pp 372-391 Ramsay, H. and Scholarios, D. (1999) Selective decisions: Challenging orthodox analyses of the hiring process, International Journal of Management Reviews, 1(4): 63-89 Searle, R. (2003) Selection and Recruitment A critical text, Milton Keynes: The Open University 1st edition: Palgrave Macmillan: UK Smith, C., Daskalaki, M, Elger, T. and Brown, D. (2004) Labour turnover and management retention strategies in new manufacturing plants, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(2): 371-396 Storey, J. (2007) Human Resource Management a critical text. 3rd edition. Thomson Learning, London Taylor, S. (2005) People Resourcing. 3rd edition CIPD, London Torrington, D., Hall, L., and Taylor S. (2002) Human Resource Management. 5th edition. FT Prentice Hall, England Wolf, A. and Jenkins, A. (2006) Explaining greater test use for selection: the role of HR professionals in a world of expanding regulation, Human Resource Management Journal, 16(2): 193-213